10 Things to Know About James Madison

Steroids and Other Performance Enhancers Essay - 1191 Words

The issue over steroids and other performance enhancer drugs has been a recent topic in the sports world. The debate over whether or not to punish those who have been caught using has been a major topic recently, as well as the legalization of these drugs. When arising the question of whether or not to legalize steroids, many positive and negative factors are brought to the table, and in effect could change various aspects of our normal day lives. Anabolic steroids are a class of natural and synthetic hormones that promote cell growth and division, resulting in growth of muscle tissue and sometimes bone size and strength. The best known natural anabolic steroid is testosterone, which is contained in many of the steroids†¦show more content†¦Other non anabolic steroids can be used for many beneficial things and can be found in medicines that are used to treat osteoporosis, weight loss, and in anti-inflammatory painkillers. It can even be found in the most common medicines such as cough syrup (A Guide for Understanding Steroids and Related Substances). Prior to the 1990’s steroids in sports wasn’t a major issue but they have quickly been a hot topic in the world of sports. The most common athletes that are suspected of using anabolic steroids are bodybuilders, track and field athletes, cyclists, and the most common throughout the world today, professional baseball players (Anabolic Steroids-Definition). The most newsworthy player that has been involved in the steroid issue is home-run record holder Barry Bonds. On August 8, 2007 Barry Bonds surpassed the great Hank Aaron when he hit his 756th home run of his career making him the new â€Å"Home-Run King†. However, he was fighting charges off and on for four years, from 2003 to 2007. When being interviewed by The Baltimore Sun on June 1, 2003, he told them â€Å"I don’t know BALCO, dude,† (Barry Bonds Steroid Timeline) where BALCO is an acronym for Bay Area Labo ratory Cooperative, the place accused of supplying steroids to Mr. Bonds as well as many other professionalShow MoreRelatedDrugs Should Be Banned For Professional Sports1211 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional athletes say that they would take performance enhancing drugs if they didn’t have a chance of getting caught. Performance enhancing drugs, or PEDs, or steroids, have been around since 776 BC when the Greeks would use them to improve their performance in the Olympic Games. During World War II, the Germans, including Hitler, would take steroids to make themselves stronger and more aggressive. The Americans, British, and Japanese also began to use steroids during World War II shortly after GermanyRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pages Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sportsRead MoreEssay about Steroids in Sports: Right or Wrong?947 Words   |  4 PagesSteroids in Sports, Right or Wrong? â€Å"We have to make some radical move to get the attention of everyone. Cheaters cant win and steroids have put us in the position that its OK to cheat.† (Lou Brock). 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Now athle tes are taking performance enhancers such as creatine, androstenedione and worst of all, anabolic steroids.Steroids are chemicals that act like hormones (substances in your body that regulate bodily functions). Anabolic steroids are the ones that are abused to build muscle mass or to make your workout longer. They are chemicals of artificial testosterone, which is a maleRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Steroid Use754 Words   |  3 PagesSteroids can affect an athlete’s physical health. Developing breasts from steroid use is very common. Breasts develop because when high doses of steroids are used for prolonged periods, they shut down certain hormones such as testosterone. Studies show that estrogen is what causes breast tissue growth; progesterone needs to be available in order to keep breast size down. 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Cause And Effects Of The Dust Bowl History Essay Free Essays

string(47) " Plains received federal exigency alleviation\." Humongous clouds of dust doomed Numberss of people in inkiness. No manner to get away, people were surrounded. Dust was acquiring everyplace: in their oral cavity, eyes, nose doing it difficult to take a breath. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause And Effects Of The Dust Bowl History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It had entered houses through any minor clefts. The dust was even in nutrient people ate and it was impossible to acquire rid of. Peoples were in desperation. â€Å" Now the air current grew strong and difficult and it worked at the rain crust in the maize Fieldss. Small by small the sky was darkened by the commixture dust, and carried off. The air current grew stronger. The rain crust broke and the dust lifted up out of the Fieldss and drove grey plumes into the air like sulky fume. The maize threshed the air current and made a dry, hotfooting sound. The finest dust did non settle back to Earth now, but disappeared into the blackening sky. †¦ The people came out of their houses and smelled the hot stinging air and covered their olfactory organs from it. And the kids came out of the houses, but they did non run or shout as they would hold done after a rain. Men stood by their fencings and looked at the destroyed maize, drying fast now, merely a small green demoing through the movie of dust. The work forces were soundless and they did non travel frequently. And the adult females came out of the houses to stand beside their work forces – to experience whether this clip the work forces would interrupt. â€Å" – John Steinbeck, â€Å" The Grapes of Wrath ( 1939 ) † Dust has ruined lives of people, physically and mentally, it had touched the economic system every bit good. Who caused this enormous calamity? People did. Now they had to make what it takes to acquire rid of fatal effects of the dust bowl. The catastrophe was ecological, economical, societal, and cultural. The catastrophe was caused by the combination of environmental and human factors. It lasted 10 old ages. Catastrophe caused people change their agriculture ways, leave their places and suffer. This awful catastrophe lasted ten old ages, and got its name from Associated Press newsman who called it dust bowl on intelligence â€Å" Three small words achingly familiar on the Western husbandman ‘s lingua, regulation life in the dust bowl of the continent – if it rains. † The clime was an of import cause of the dust bowl. The clime of the Great Plain ‘s part is dry and blowy ; air currents reached the velocity of 60mph. Scientists believed that drouth which caused the dust bowl to take topographic point occurred because it happened same clip as La Nina event in the Pacific Ocean. Cold sea surface temperatures reduced the sum of wet come ining the jet watercourse and directed it south to U.S. , were it hit The Great Plains. The lone thing that kept the dirt on topographic point is its flora, which is thick grass that does n’t necessitate much H2O. The land of Great Plains had experienced drouth from 1931 to 1937 which turned out to be much worse so it would because of human intervention. In 1800s railwaies were built throughout the United States. In 1862 authorities promised free land to anyone who moved to the prairie for five old ages. Free land was a good ground for a move, while the railwaies aided the migration. They planted harvest a nd farmed. Between 1909 and 1932 more so 30 million estates of land were plowed. It seemed like a immense net income for the husbandmans to plough so much land, yet they ignored one minute, that the land those old ages lost its chief protection, the grass. All ploughing they did turned important doing the black snowstorms. In 1920s people came up with new, fast, and effectual ways of acquiring harvests, they had new equipment and the work was much more efficient. Most of husbandmans could n’t afford such expensive engineering, so they rented it and worked harder in order to pay for the rent and still acquire some net income. In late 1920s national economic system went into diminution, so this had encouraged husbandmans to work harder. In 1930 husbandmans of Southern Plains planted a batch of wheat, ploughing the land which should non be plowed. The part was n’t set for the European- manner agribusiness ; it was called The Great American Desert. The land was abused. Dro ughts followed and nil would turn, alternatively the plowed land went dry and titanic air currents have blown this land off making tremendous cloud of pitch black dust covering the skies, harming people, doing populating unsafe and highly hard. In 1931 was the record wheat harvest, which sent the wheat monetary values to the lower limit which asked for more attempt of husbandmans who needed to run into the needed equipment and farm payments. In 1931 the air currents begin to blow making â€Å" black snowstorms † . In 1932 the figure of dust storms increases dramatically to fourteen, following twelvemonth rose up to thirty two. Many Europeans migrated to the fields in twentieth century. Most of them migrated for farming. This led to major addition in farming. Not merely people, but equipment was bettering doing farming even more efficient and of greater graduated table. After WWI the monetary values on merchandises dropped dramatically, promoting husbandmans to work harder. Farmers used rough agriculture methods which led to eroding. For illustration cotton husbandmans left land bare in winter when air currents are at their strongest. Some burned the stubble, or signifier of weeding anterior to seting where the organic foods from dirt are deprived doing land vulnerable to eroding. The native grasses which used to keep the dirt were plowed. This left the land unprotected. In 1930s drouth worsened the economic status. Many husbandmans required authorities ‘s aid. Harmonizing to ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.drought.unl.edu/whatis/dustbowl.htm ) 21 % of rural households in the Great Plains received federal exigency alleviation. You read "Cause And Effects Of The Dust Bowl History Essay" in category "Essay examples" Peoples from Southern Plains migrated because life was highly hard at that place. Peoples had nowhere to travel â€Å" And so the dispossessed were drawn west- from Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico ; from Nevada and Arkansas, households, folks, dusted out, tractored out. Car-loads, trains, homeless and hungry ; twenty thousand and 50 1000 and a hundred thousand and two hundred 1000s. They streamed over the mountains, hungry and ungratified – restless as emmets, scampering to happen work to make – to raise, to force, to draw, to pick, to cut – anything, any load to bear, for nutrient. The childs are hungry . We got no topographic point to populate. Like emmets scampering for work, for nutrient, and most of all for land. † – John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath, 1939.These people migrated largely to California and were named Oakies. Even though people were non merely from Oklahoma, they were named Oakies due to largest per centum from Oklahoma. They chose California largely because of its mild clime ; its clime provided long turning season and large harvest diverseness, it was a perfect topographic point for husbandmans. California did n’t welcome the Oakies because they looked for occupations making employment jobs, sudden growing of workers and less occupation infinites. As Oakies migrated to California, cultural battles between them and people from California occurred, because Oakies were ethnocentric, intending that they thought their culture/ethnicity is anterior to all. This created some long permanent effects like bad stereotypes of Oakies in Californian society. As Oakies took farmland the rewards went highly low which was n’t plenty for feeding the households. Many set cant onments at irrigation ditches on farms. These ditch Bankss had hapless healthful conditions and caused some major wellness issues. Farmers were kicked out of occupations because the land was messed up and they could n’t turn harvests, households who owned farms became hapless besides, because their money was based on work of husbandmans who got fired. Landowning households migrated because else they were bankrupt. Some say that roots of this catastrophe went manner back from 1914 when the Turkish Navy blockaded the Dardanelles and cut off Russian wheat distribution to the remainder of the universe. Because of the sudden addition of demand Southern Plain husbandmans plowed the land that they had ne’er plowed earlier. From 1932 the rain has stopped go forthing the land unprotected to ramping air currents, which blew the dry dirt off organizing clouds of dust. As the wheat monetary value fell because of deflation after World War I they plowed even more to run into economi c demands which made the land even more vulnerable. In May another dust storm blew east barricading the Sun in New York. The dust from Southern Plains had even appeared on President Roosevelt ‘s desk! Ref. ( http: //www.humanities-interactive.org/texas/dustbowl/thedustbowl_essay.htm ) Dust reached 500 stat mis out to sea Ref. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snprelief2.htm ) Due to the dust bowl childs saw their parents acquiring broke which affected their, yet unstable psychological science. Childs had to play with anything they fund because parents could n’t afford to purchase any plaything. Bigger childs had to assist their parents do different occupations necessary for endurance. It was truly tough to happen nutrient because everything was in dust, husbandmans did n’t hold clip to turn cowss, because they were contending the rough conditions. Peoples would travel to Parkss were particular countries for cookery. Peoples could construct a hearth and cook some simple nutrients they could happen, afford. Peoples shared with each other to give others a better opportunity for endurance. Dust Bowl gave birth to many first-class American art which included literature picture taking and music. For illustration Classics Dorothea Lange and Arthur Rothstein bring the image of dust bowl in their Hagiographas, every bit good as John Steinbeck in his â€Å" The Grapes of Wrath † , or Woody Guthrie whose laies, such as â€Å" The Great Dust Storm † gives us the feel of what its like to witness this catastrophe. This is highly of import because it shows that even in such a atrocious thing like Dust Bowl people still found some positive effects. It is really hard to look for positive sides of awful things. It might sound unusual but in a manner Dust Bowl developed American civilization to a small extent. Charles L.Todd and Robert Sonkin made an expedition to migrant cantonments in California to detect more about how was it to populate in those rough conditions, to detect effects of dust bowl. Main point of Todd/Sonkin expedition was to document life in ( FSA ) Farm Security Administration cantonment in California. At some points, people could n’t see further than five pess in front of themselves. It has been reported that in the beginning of 1935, the people began to decease because of disease that they called the dust pneumonia. Ref. ( rmpbs.org. ) there were no official decease rates for this period of clip, and that the symptoms of this pneumonia were merely the simple high febrility, thorax hurting, trouble in external respiration, and a cough. The prairie dust was highly all right – smaller than the period at the terminal of this sentence – with high silicon oxide content, which caused a type of silicosis similar to the black lung disease seen in coal mineworkers back east. â€Å" Black at the base and sunburn at the top rose from the Fieldss of eastern Colorado and western Kansas and began to travel south. Inside the cloud darkness was totalaˆÂ ¦ . Peoples in the cloud ‘s way thought the terminal of the universe had comeaˆÂ ¦ † – Ian Fra zier, Great Plains. by December 1935, approximately 850 million dozenss of top dirt has been blown off, approximately 25 % of U.S. population left the U.S.A, and about 2.5 million people moved out of Southern Plains. â€Å" If you would wish to hold your bosom broken, merely come out here † .- Ernie Pyle, newsman. At some point in 1935 the Red Cross has handed out 10000 masks to school which became solidly plunged with soil in about an hr It was n’t until 1941 when Plains eventually started to retrieve. The other version is that in 1920 husbandmans got new equipment like ploughs and Listers, this made their work easier and vaster. They plowed more land so it could bear because now it was much easier, plus they needed to make it because of deflation after WWI. The equipment coasted large money which required more work on the Fieldss to run into the seashores. Farmers used disc ploughs instead so Listers, because the work was done faster this manner, but plows caused much more harm to the land doing it vulnerable to weave eroding, dirt wet, depletion, depleted dirt foods, and drouth. The drouth plan which was started by U.S. authorities has been applied to profit people who had witnessed the atrocious catastrophe. It has included four points. Supplying exigency supplies, hard currency, and farm animal provender and conveyance to keep the basic operation of supports and farms/ spreads. Establishing wellness attention installations and supplies to run into exigency medical demands. Establishing government-based markets for farm goods, higher duties, and loan financess for farm market care and concern rehabilitation. 4 ) Supplying the supplies, engineering, and proficient advice necessary to research, implement, and advance appropriate land direction schemes. Even though the plan helped people, it was non plenty, because the catastrophe still lasted and they had to witness it. Peoples got ill ; fell in depression because thought their hereafter was ruined. Yet, most of them did n’t free their religion and overcame this atrocious event by doing gags like: † birds fly backwards so sand does n’t acquire in their eyes † . Peoples had stamina, wit, and optimism which were the chief traits to maintain them alive and good during this atrocious period. By 1941 most countries antecedently dry had normal rainfall, furthermore, the clime has brought economic roar to the state. In about 1980 people forgot atrocious drouths and stopped paying attending to anti drought plans. They started practising same farming methods that they used to pattern in 1930s which caused some more problem until 1990. Droughts of 1930s and The Great Depression led to relief outgos of 525 billion dollars by the Congress. Now to avoid avoiding farthe r dirt jobs during drouths, which cause such planetary impact on people, Soil Conservation Service is at work in order to maintain away from future catastrophes of such sort. After drought preservation patterns and irrigation increased, farm sizes grew larger, harvest diverseness increased, federal harvest insurance was established, and the regional economic system was diversified. The enormous catastrophe had caused a batch of decease and ruined the peoples ‘ spirit, yet it united people and taught them to remain positive in difficult times, plus it made them look back at their errors and learn at them. Now people learned from this catastrophe to forestall it go oning once more, and they know that any clip something similar happens they would stand at that place together and contend it, like they fought The Dust Bowl. â€Å" United we stand, divided we fall † . Dust Bowl had non merely negative effects which we see right off, but some supreme positive effects when looked at deeper. Everything has a positive side from which people have to larn, even such a atrocious thing as dust bowl. â€Å" The ultimate significance of the dust storms of the 1930s was that America as a whole, non merely the fields, was severely out of balance with its natural environment. Unbounded optimism about the hereafter, careless neglect of nature ‘s bounds and unce rtainnesss, noncritical religion in Providence, devotedness to self-aggrandizement – all these were national every bit good as regional features. â€Å" – Robert Worster, historiographer. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.humanities-interactive.org/texas/dustbowl/thedustbowl_essay.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.english.illinois.edu/Maps/depression/dustbowl.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/dustbowl/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tulsaworld.com/opinion/article.aspx? subjectid=65 A ; articleid=20100418_65_G3_Thedeb869826 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.kctribune.com/article/KC_News_Features/Cleon_Rickel/Memories_of_Dust_Bowl_Still_Vivid_after_75_Years/19360 wikipedia.org factorzoid.com rmpbs.org hypertext transfer protocol: //library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312210/Dustbowl.html hypertext transfer protocol: //library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312210/Dustbowl.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snprelief2.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //eh.net/encyclopedia/article/Cunfer.DustBowl How to cite Cause And Effects Of The Dust Bowl History Essay, Essay examples

Department Annals Of Emergency A Medicine -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Department Annals Of Emergency A Medicine? Answer: Introduction Jim Karas (68) was admitted to hospital after being unresponsive and breathing inability. As the fluid resuscitation was unable to raise the blood pressure of the patient, doctors decided to insert a three lumen central venous catheter into the right subclavian vein of Jim Karas. After spending few weeks in the healthcare facility, Jim wanted to return to his home as he used to live alone with his wife Amara, who had COPD and heart failure. His CVAD was removed prior to his discharge. This assignment is going to provide a detailed care plan, including the aspects of Jim and Amaras care and the local community service available in their locality. Further legal and ethical principles for decision-making and strength-based approach will be discussed critically. financial, the aspect of culturally safe care plan will be discussed. Course of action for discharge As Jim lives in the Campbell town council and was admitted to a healthcare facility in New South Wales, the care transfer ethics for NSW was used to conduct his discharge and transfer protocols (NSW Public Hospitals 2018). The care Coordination process is consisting of five steps namely pre-admission or admission, multidisciplinary team meetings, estimate date of discharge, referrals and liaison and finally transferring to home (NSW Public Hospitals 2018). The following flow chart describes the process. As per the care needed for Jim Karas, The transfer of care plan was provided to the multi-disciplinary team and therefore according to that, transfer of care risk assessment was done. Process of patient transfer Before the estimated date of discharge, the patient care plan and referral form need to be completed so that the discharge process becomes easier. The hospital can provide the patient with a care representative who will explain the level and type of care required by the patient in the transfer of needs. Hospital can also appoint a community care team, including a manager and 2 workers to coordinate the care needed by the patient (Berghout et al. 2015). Further, the allied health services such as occupational therapy, nutrition and dietetics and physiotherapy should be provided to the patient with the help of community health team. A community service organization, Whiddon care will be asked to provide care to Jim and Amara. The Whiddon group provides care to elderly patients in the Campbell town area (The Whiddon Group 2018). This is mandatory for him as well as his wife as wife has complication and he is looking after his wife. After the removal of CVAD, Jim needs complex ongoing ma nagement of infection sites and the information of this should be provided to the community service team before the discharge of patient (Ding et al. 2012). Therefore, for the care of Jim and his wife, ACAT assessment or the aged care assessment team should be arranged, who can decide the level of care and cultural safety required by Jim and his wife. Discharge plan of care The care plan of Jim and his wife should include- The discharge will be planned on the day of admission, upon rejection by the patient and his family, a further discharge date will be provided to them (Brennan et al. 2014). On the day of discharge, the patient will be provided with the medication, diet, treatment, activity and follow up updates. To reduce the tension and responsibility of the patient, as he was the only member in his house to take care of Amara, care plan should include interventions for his wife too (Shepperd et al. 2013). Therefore, a Greek social worker will be appointed for the care of Jim and Amara, so that the social worker can provide culturally safe care to both of them. The type of healthcare workers need to be assisted for such interventions. The Whiddon care center will be contacted for healthcare workers such as culturally safe social worker and cook for the dietary and nutrition related needs of Amara and Jim. The frequency of service will be decided and the signs and symptoms of any critical situation or infection will be written in the plan. Service such as meals on wheels can be appointed for Jim and Amara, as the meals on wheels service helps people like them, who are unable to fulfill their own dietary requirements. Medical equipment such as wheel chair, walker, respiratory equipment, hospital bed home health nurse and home OT/PT (Occupational therapy or physical therapy) will be included after discussion with the lead clinician (Brennan et al. 2014). Legal and ethical principles (on decision making with strength based approach) The legal principles of decision making involve the responsibility of the decision maker to consider the matters before making the decisions, must not make decisions for improper purposes, decisions should be based on evidence and should be reasonable, considerations of government policies, decisions to be made within power, procedural fairness, among others (Acma.gov.au 2018). Strength based nursing or SBN is based on the principles of person centered care, empowerment, collaborative partnerships, health promotion, innate capacities for health and healing. SBN helps to maximize the level of functioning and also helps to promote health of the patient and conditions of healing (Gottlieb, Gottlieb and Shamian 2012). There are four principles of strength based nursing approach such as autonomy, dignity, sharing of information and collaboration and participation. Provision of family centered care is the first pillar of the strength based nursing interventions. Respecting autonomy and pri vacy of the patient is the primary aspect in this care process and according to the principles, while providing care to a patient, the care provider should always discuss the provision of the care with the patient, his family and to the authorized physician. In case of Jim, the care provider that is the Whiddon group should discuss the care plan with Jim, Amara, their daughter Angela and the hospital authority (The Whiddon Group 2018). Involving hospital authority about the care plan progression will help the physicians to understand the recovery rate of Jim, and will further include interventions for faster recovery (Knibbs et al. 2012). Jim is concerned about his privacy and privacy and autonomy was the reason he wanted to shift to his home with Amara. On the other hand, the hospital care team will be discussing his health status to the hospital authority and the general physician observing him and Amara. Therefore a proper conversation between, Jim, Amara, and the physician shoul d be done before his transfer from the hospital. Further, to maintain the patient autonomy, the details of Jim and Amara will not be shared with the community service team provided by the Whiddon group. This will respect the autonomy and decision-making power of Jim and his wife Amara. Empowerment is the second pillar of strength-based nursing intervention. Understanding the emotional and medical need of Jim and letting them provide their knowledge to combat with the situation will let him feel his importance in the care process and he and his wife will be empowered to take necessary steps to improve their own health condition. Further promotion of health and healing can in Jim and Amaras case will be helpful in increasing their mental strength and influencing themselves to strictly follow the nursing interventions and will provide fruitful results in this collaborative partnership (Barry and Edgman-Levitan 2012).. However, apart from these enablers, few barriers such as their cultu ral approach, their dietary habit, delirium of Jim can delay the recovery, as the care support unit will take time to understand these factors about Jim and his family. Apart from the strength-based approach, there are four ethical principles present in nursing, such as autonomy and dignity, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. In the case of Jim, it was Jim that he used to take care of his wife Amara by his own and did not take help of any care supporter (Boswell and Cannon 2012). Irrespective of the reason, Angela wanted her parents to stay at a residential home as logically, however according to the ethical code of nursing, maintaining patients dignity is the top priority (Butts and Rich 2012). They are specialized in community care and providing collaborative care and support to patients. Therefore, the proactive approach of the healthcare facility help to maintain the autonomy as well as dignity of the patient and his values. (Lindberg et al. 2014). In case of Jim and Amara, these ethical codes of nursing will help the healthcare providers to evoke the courage to fight with their deficiencies and attain health. Respecting their autonomy an d dignity and collaborating with both of them for their health interventions will include them in the recovery process and the dilemma of the healthcare professions will be solved. Culturally safe care plan Cultural safety is the environment that provides the patient with physically, socially, mentally and emotionally safe care (Purnell 2012). Australia is the house of a pool of multicultural society, having different thinking, religions, behavioral and dietary habit and health and safety related norms. Jim Karas is Greek and after discharge, the care provider team, who will provide care in his home, should be aware of the cultural safety measures so that the respect and dignity of the patient can be maintained (Douglas et al. 2014). accounting to Malliarou et al. (2017), people generally assume that Greek culture is about bigger families, and in those families everyone cares about every member. However, despite of that, Jim wanted to stay alone with her wife Amara. Therefore, the community nurse from Whiddon group should be aware of these unusual cultural facts about Jim, as assuming about patients need according to famous cultural stereotypes can hamper the quality of care provided to the patient. Conclusion Discharge care plan including cultural safety measures are decided prior to the patient discharges form the healthcare facility, as several aspect depends ion such document provided at the time of discharge. Jim Karas, after recovering his three CVAD related infection decided to stay at his own place. Accordingly, his discharge care plan including nursing interventions for him and his wife has been prepared. The legal and ethical factors such as autonomy, privacy, dignity was given importance in case of Jim and Amara. Further, a group Whiddon, for providing culturally safe care to the patient was decided and to maintain the autonomy of Jim and Amara, the patients information was not shared with them. References Acma.gov.au (2018).Principles for decision making | ACMA. [online] Acma.gov.au. management: https://www.acma.gov.au/theACMA/principles-for-decision-making [Accessed 22 Jan. 2018]. Barry, M.J. and Edgman-Levitan, S., 2012. Shared decision makingthe pinnacle of patient-centered care.New England Journal of Medicine,366(9), pp.780-781. Berghout, M., van Exel, J., Leensvaart, L. and Cramm, J.M., 2015. Healthcare professionals views on patient-centered care in hospitals.BMC health services research,15(1), p.385. Bernoth, M., Dietsch, E., Burmeister, O.K. and Schwartz, M., 2014. Information management in aged care: cases of confidentiality and elder abuse.Journal of Business Ethics,122(3), pp.453-460. Boswell, C. and Cannon, S. eds., 2012.Introduction to nursing research, 3rd Edn, pp. 234-256, Jones Bartlett Publishers. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=uzMTKEazwekCoi=fndpg=PR5dq=strength-based+nursing+interventionots=VOCmocNsahsig=WVgUl-WAWwOk5Bz0iqTLx4t6WF0 Brennan, M.E., Gormally, J.F., Butow, P., Boyle, F.M. and Spillane, A.J., 2014. Survivorship care plans in cancer: a systematic review of care plan outcomes.British journal of cancer,111(10), pp.1899-1908. Butts, J.B. and Rich, K.L., 2012. Nursing ethics, 3rd Edn, pp. 123-145, Jones Bartlett Publishers. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=9R_ET0JLvEwCoi=fndpg=PR5dq=Butts,+J.B.+and+Rich,+K.L.,+2012.+Nursing+ethics.+Jones+%26+Bartlett+Publishers.ots=faDeLR8r3Csig=OKCDLdD0Tu3TUz-mEA2NfTP8Mso#v=onepageqf=false Ding, H., Moodley, Y., Kanagasingam, Y. and Karunanithi, M., 2012, August. A mobile-health system to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients at home. InEngineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE(pp. 2178-2181). IEEE. Douglas, M.K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D.F., Callister, L.C., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., Milstead, J., Nardi, D. and Purnell, L., 2014. Guidelines for implementing culturally competent nursing care.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,25(2), pp.109-121. Edge, J.S. and Hoffman, S.J., 2013. Empirical impact evaluation of the WHO global code of practice on the international recruitment of health personnel in Australia, Canada, UK and USA.Globalization and health,9(1), p.60. Gottlieb, L.N., 2012.Strengths-based nursing care: Health and healing for person and family, 1st Edn, pp. 234-245, Springer Publishing Company. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=1qTjvNP94fwCoi=fndpg=PP1dq=strength+based+care+in+nursing+ots=y1x7szTdb0sig=BX1V-d2IdgfLXEUl7yJbB3YFqcs#v=onepageq=strength%20based%20care%20in%20nursingf=false Gottlieb, L.N., Gottlieb, B. and Shamian, J., 2012. Principles of strengths-based nursing leadership for strengths-based nursing care: A new paradigm for nursing and healthcare for the 21st century.Nursing Leadership,25(2), pp.38-50. Health Information Training Institute (2018). Smooth Patient Flow Guide. [online] Heti.nsw.gov.au. Available at: https://www.heti.nsw.gov.au/Global/ola/SPF%20Guide%205%203%202%20January%202014.pdf Knibbs, K., Underwood, J., MacDonald, M., Schoenfeld, B., Lavoie-Tremblay, M., Crea-Arsenio, M., Meagher-Stewart, D., Leeseberg Stamler, L., Blythe, J. and Ehrlich, A., 2012. Appreciative inquiry: a strength-based research approach to building Canadian public health nursing capacity.Journal of Research in Nursing,17(5), pp.484-494. Lindberg, C., Fagerstrm, C., Sivberg, B. and Willman, A., 2014. Concept analysis: patient autonomy in a caring context.Journal of advanced nursing,70(10), pp.2208-2221. Malliarou, M., Oikonomou, A., Nika, S. and Sarafis, P., 2017. Greek Military Nurses Readiness to Provide Transcultural Care to Immigrants.British Journal of Medicine Medical Research, 19 (6): 1-11, 2017; Article no. BJMMR,30615. NSW Public Hospitals (2018). Care Coordination: From Admission to Transfer of Care in NSW Public Hospitals. [online] Health.nsw.gov.au. Available at: https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/pfs/Publications/care-coordination-ref.pdf Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (2018). Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional standards. [online] Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/Professional-standards.aspx Purnell, L.D., 2012.Transcultural health care: A culturally competent approach, 4th Edn, pp. 342-356, FA Davis. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=KdU-AAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR4dq=culturally+safe+nursing+cre+ots=ouK-bzdMbTsig=HjShzcuGrKGx3rIHYRiMXVEy_0c Samuels-Kalow, M.E., Stack, A.M. and Porter, S.C., 2012. Effective discharge communication in the emergency department.Annals of emergency medicine,60(2), pp.152-159. Shepperd, S., Lannin, N.A., Clemson, L.M., McCluskey, A., economics, I.D. and Barras, S.L., 2013. Discharge planning from hospital to home.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,1(1). DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000313.pub4 The Whiddon Group (2018). Whiddon's Community and Home Care Services. [online] Available at: https://www.whiddon.com.au/care-solutions/community-care/

Abortion Essays (758 words) - Abortion In The United States

Abortion Do you consider something with a beating heart a living creature? A babies heart forms and starts beating in the fifth week of pregnancy, therefore, that would make abortion murder. The baby that is growing inside of you is depending on you, so when you make the choice to end that life, you are making the choice to murder another person. Someone that believes in the pro-choice theory would say that the decision is up to the woman, but the person with the pro-life theory would say that it is murder no matter what the situation. Would you consider it murder to kill a baby the day after it is born? Then why would it not be murder to kill it before it is born? ?If it is impossible to abort a baby in the ninth month, then what makes it ok to do in the fifth or sixth month.? (Carl Sagan & Ann Druyan). Many abortions are performed each year in the United States. 75% of all abortions in the U.S. are performed on women over 20 years of age, but the lawmakers try to concentrate on the 186,000 teens that have an abortion each year. In 1990, there were nearly 400 abortion bills were introduced to 41 legislatures. So far, as many as 20 states have passed laws that requires a teenager to have a parents consent before having an abortion. This may help reduce the number of abortions each year, the people that passed these bills feel that maybe the parents will feel differently about the situation and be able to talk their child out of it. 20% of teens that are sexually active do not use any form of birth control, these are the teens that end up getting pregnant and getting an abortion. If these girls would use some kind of contraceptive it could stop a lot of the C.Jaimes 2 abortions performed each year. If you think about it, it is so much easier to take a pill then it is to be pregnant and have to decide on the life of another person. When you feel that you are responsible enough to participate in sexual activity, you should also feel that you a responsible enough to deal with the consequences that follow. Abortions are considered ?the easy way out.? I feel that abortions are just selfish. There is no easy way out. I could not imagine living with the guilt of taking another's life, especially the life of something that I created, and that is dependant of me. There are so many people out there that wish they had the chance to get pregnant. If you really feel that you are not ready to be a parent then you could at least give the baby up for adoption, and make your life, that babies life, and the family adopting the babies life a lot happier. I believe that when conception occurs, it is Gods will. He would not have provided you with the joys of having a baby if he did not feel that you could handle it, and he definitely would not provide you with the joys of having a baby if he thought that you had any intentions of killing it. Many of the people that have abortions take advantage of it and use abortion as a form of birth control. I can understand that having a baby might ruin your life, or so you think, but what about the life that you are ruining when you have an abortion. In a way, it is taking away a piece of you, a piece of you that you will never be able to get back. This might sound humorous but it is not meant to be, what if the baby that you killed could have grown up to be the president of the United States, or discovered a cure for a disease that you might have when you are older? There are so many things that need to be considered. C.Jaimes 3 Have you ever really thought about having a living being sucked out of you? Have you ever seen the results of an abortion? It is scary. Maybe if the results of abortion were more widely

Free Essays on Coat Of Arms Outline

I. In the fifth century shields were not only for protecting a knight in battle, but to show the codes of chivalry and loyalty to their lords. This was found on the shield itself. This was also called a coat of arms. Also, soldiers used these to identify friend from foe on the battlefield because it was nearly impossible to identify people in there always-alike armor. II. Some coats of arms have five sections and some have four quarters. Mine coat of arms has four. 1. The First Quarter a. A cross i. Represents my religion. ii. I am a catholic by birth. 2. The Second Quarter a. A house i. Represents my family. ii. We spend a lot of time in our house. 3. The Third Quarter a. A cap and tassel i. Represents my education. ii. Not only in school and academics but also everything that I have learned in my life. 4. The Fourth Quarter a. Balls of sports i. Represents sports ii. I enjoy playing sports and they consume a good amount of my life. 5. My Motto a. Get up and get it. i. Represents that you can achieve nothing without applying our talents. III. Everything in my coat of arms represents me and shows how I am my own individual. There are no two people alike because we all have been through different lives and different situations. My coat of arms would look like this if I have live in king Arthur’s time.... Free Essays on Coat Of Arms Outline Free Essays on Coat Of Arms Outline I. In the fifth century shields were not only for protecting a knight in battle, but to show the codes of chivalry and loyalty to their lords. This was found on the shield itself. This was also called a coat of arms. Also, soldiers used these to identify friend from foe on the battlefield because it was nearly impossible to identify people in there always-alike armor. II. Some coats of arms have five sections and some have four quarters. Mine coat of arms has four. 1. The First Quarter a. A cross i. Represents my religion. ii. I am a catholic by birth. 2. The Second Quarter a. A house i. Represents my family. ii. We spend a lot of time in our house. 3. The Third Quarter a. A cap and tassel i. Represents my education. ii. Not only in school and academics but also everything that I have learned in my life. 4. The Fourth Quarter a. Balls of sports i. Represents sports ii. I enjoy playing sports and they consume a good amount of my life. 5. My Motto a. Get up and get it. i. Represents that you can achieve nothing without applying our talents. III. Everything in my coat of arms represents me and shows how I am my own individual. There are no two people alike because we all have been through different lives and different situations. My coat of arms would look like this if I have live in king Arthur’s time....

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Statement Example Due to my keen interest in the world of supplies, demands, distribution, revenue, profit and customer satisfaction, the field I would like to choose for my major is economics. After sensitive calculations and critical working, I took initiative to start off with my own â€Å"mini business†. I perceived it as a business that would not only be beneficial for students but would also allow me to earn a good deal of experience in the practical world alongside the profit. By assigning target goals and dividing the entire process into the stages of ‘plan’, ‘purchase’, ‘sell’ and ‘generate revenue’, I was able to keep the business simple yet effective. The plan included listing the items that were in demand and researching the availability of whole-sale vendors who could provide the required products. These items were then sold at a reasonable profit, which was later utilized for further betterment of the business. In the ‘reve nue generation’ stage of my business venture, I calculated the amount of time, energy and fuel consumption while commuting to the wholesale market and finally completing the purchase. With this data, I calculated a reasonable profit that was to be earned from the business. ... uced a new well-equipped market within the campus, while I ended the business and decided to focus on the final months of studying for my high school. From what I have learnt through my experience, I believe that I can benefit the community in better ways by further understanding the concepts of economics, which will possibly provide a solution to the world’s derailing economies. By studying subject matters such as meeting demands and supplies, converting loss into profits, benefiting human kind and sustaining global economies, I will be able to contribute to the field of economics and the community. Prompt 2 After discussions with my father that lasted for hours, I was forced to admit the fact that my twenty years of life have not really been much of a success. Before I had joined Community College, the grades that I had obtained were not up to the mark. Due to my father’s motivation and support, I had always wanted to set an example, not only for my dad but also for m y children in future. It cannot be ignored that I had gained exceptional business experience at a very young age but I realized that despite starting off as an entrepreneur and managing it well, there were many concepts I still had to grasp. I believe that the best possible way to be introduced to these concepts would be to undertake a university major in economics. At the beginning of my high-school years, I was introduced to a poem by Robert Frost, titled â€Å"And miles to go before I sleep†. This poem inspired a great sense of motivation within me and continually makes me believe that there is always a lot more that life has to offer. Since I was determined in what I believed, I took an oath to bring about a change. As I resumed my studies in the Community College, I worked hard day and night. My

The Zoot Suit Riots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Zoot Suit Riots - Essay Example The Zoot Suit Riots In a sense, the Sleepy Lagoon Murders were part of what contributed to the zoot suit riots although they happened a year before the riots started. Sleepy Lagoon was a hangout place for Mexican youth. By day it was a place to swim and by night it was a lovers lane. It was one of the few places that Mexican American youth could go without having a hassle from prejudice. On August 1, 1942 two Mexican youth were sitting in the car talking and they were viciously attacked by what appeared to be a rival gang. The male, Hank Leyvas and his girlfriend were badly beaten. Hank went back to find the youth with reinforcements and attached other youths that were attending a birthday party nearby; Josà © Dà ­az was one of those attending. Dà ­az was killed in the "rumble" and a call to action went out from the Los Angeles Police Department. In the process Leyvas and 21 other Mexican youth were convicted of the murder through the Los Angeles tabloid journals and Leyvas was sentenced to life in S an Quentin. A few months later the zoot suit riots broke out and this would be one of the worse problems in Los Angeles history. In order to understand the zoot suit riots, it is important to understand a little about the zoot suit culture. Zoot suits were a popular dress that African Americans wore during the jazz era. It was a flashy outfit and it was a bit outrageous. It had broad shoulders, a narrow waist and balloon pants. It was a way of expression that let people of color be seen in places that society said they were supposed to be invisible. The Mexican American youth picked up the culture and ran with it.

Coporate Governance and Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coporate Governance and Business Ethics - Essay Example In short, 'all you ever wanted we have right here' kind of concept. The convenience division includes Sainsbury's Local stores, Bells Stores in North East England, Jacksons Stores across Yorkshire and the North Midlands, and JB Beaumont in the East Midlands (Company's corporate website). Sainsbury's Bank aims to make finance easier to understand and manage and has built a reputation for offering excellent value products with extra benefits, delivered in a simple and accessible way. The current product range includes: car insurance, life cover, home insurance, travel insurance, pet insurance, Visa credit cards, Child Trust Fund, internet savings account, instant access savings account, direct saver account, personal loans, and a car purchase scheme. Sainsbury's to You is the internet-based home delivery service. It covers around 77 per cent of the UK. Herein customers place orders online and freely choose time of delivery. The online service also has Sainsbury's Entertain You, which offers thousands of books, CDs, DVDs, videos and computer games and a DVD rental service with over 28,000 titles. Flowers, wine, gifts, kitchen appliances and electricals are also up for online buy. Sainsbury's had a wide network of 727 stores in the UK at the end of 2005. Its market shares in various regions were very impressive, ranging from a high of 18.3 % in London to a modest 3.6% in Scotland with an overall UK market share of 10.4 %( TNS data for 52 weeks to 17 July 2005). Business Ethics and Corporate Responsibility to Stakeholders"Today's modern organization in many instances is the institutional centrepiece of a complex society made up of many people with a multitude of interests, expectations, and demands as to what organizations ought to provide. The social contract between organizations and various parties has continually changed. Organizations that have been able to survive and thrive have found ways to respond to ever-changing expectations" (Ronald, 2003). Sainsbury's approach to corporate responsibility is an exact recognition of the above fact. Sainsbury is a multiple activities company and has delineated its all possible immediate stakeholders in its customers, employees, communities, share holders, suppliers and the environment within its holistic corporate responsibility (CR) plan. Further Sainsbury recognizes another set of not so actively recognized stakeholders in government, politicians and regulators in the UK and Brussels, e.g. non-g overnment organizations (NGOs) etc.However, for the present, we would not cover this set of stakeholders in this paper as their link with the company tends to be tenuous and long. It is important to examine Sainsbury's views of the expectations of each of the above active groups of stake holders and efforts to meet them. Ethics is concerned about value judgements. Business ethics deals with such judgements encourse doing business. Sainsbury's business has set for itself a code of business ethics focussed around its active stake holders, as above. It is important to realize that the combined code for corporate governance contributes actively to business ethics in a compliable form. Ronald further suggests that if an organization institutionalises ethics, it is unlikely to find itself trying to recover from a fall or

Mtn Nigeria: Telecommunication

Mtn Nigeria: Telecommunication MTN Nigeria is a well know telecommunication industry geared towards dealing with all aspect of telecommunication infrastructural development as it concerns GSM rollout. MTN Nigeria has its central head quarter in South African. MTN was incorporated in Nigeria February 2001 as the first none indigenous Telecommunication Company in the areas of GSM technologies. They have passion for excellence. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used all over the world. GSM is widely used in place of all other wireless telephony technologies among which are TDMA (Time division multiple access), CDMA (Code division multiple access). This uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA). MTN Nigeria GSM system operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band. In todays highly competitive business environment among telecommunications companies in Nigeria, MTN as organization know that Change Management is critical to their competitive advantage and long term success and survival. This reality have made MTN to invest huge resources on formulating and implementing organizational change for their success survival and at the same time investing huge resources in training of their employees (both management and lower-level staffs) on the knowledge of Change management. As Tofler A. stated in the ilearn module (2010), module03, unit1, page2, There is only one constant today and that is change change is inevitable for a successful business achievement. Based on this eminent quote, MTN Nigeria adopted a change program, MTN Nigeria Project office was enlarged to become Capital Programs Group (CPG) within the last five years. Collection of materials on the enlargement of Project Office to Capital Programs group was done through personal contact with top management levels, Program Managers, Managers, Engineers, course material relevant materials from the web. MTN STRUCTURE PRIOR TO ENLARGEMENT OF PROJECT OFFICE TO CAPITAL PROGRAMS GROUP (CHANGE PROGRAMME) As earlier mentioned MTN Nigeria has passion for excellence in areas like, Acquiring and retaining customers, Developing Implementing Market Strategies, Stimulating increased usage of products and services, Generating revenue, Retaining Customers, Stimulating usage Research. . Prior to the enlargement of their project office, MTN Nigeria has only one technical unit that oversee all their network rollout operation maintenance activities. This comprises of many divisions as showed below. Network Implementation Division Network Programs Unit Network Project Management Network Operation Division Network Intelligent Engineering Support Services NMC Operation Network Access Division Network Quality Assurance RF Planning Unit Wireless Bearer Services RF/BT S OPS TX Planning Unit Network Group Figure i: Structure of MTN Network group before the change program implementation. The various divisions implement any given task as stipulated by the organization. Large numbers of sites built was not necessary because the need for expansion was yet to arise. RESTRUCTURING OF PROJECT OFFICE TO CAPITAL PROGRAMS GROUP (CHANGE PROGRAMME) MTN Nigeria having established their vision and mission statement, Vision: To be the leading provider of telecommunication services in Nigeria with a mission to provide first class network quality, customer service and value. Mission statement is To be a catalyst for Nigeria economic growth and development ,helping unleash Nigeria strong development potentials not only through the provision of world class communication but also through innovative and sustainable corporate social responsibility initiatives To be able to leave up this expectation meet up with the new challenges associated with GSM companies within Nigeria beyond. After the end of the financial years 2003, the CEO top management executives of MTN Nigeria came up with new structure that is deemed to alleviate and accelerate network expansion quality throughout the federation. New departments were emerged, job responsibilities changed, new regions were created, new managers were appointed according to company policies. The new structure that was created is Capital Programs Group, CPG works in partnership with various technical suppliers and applies extensive project management skills to rollout all elements of MTN GSM network to the highest standards. The Department is comprised of the following Units: Logistics Core and Fibre Implementation Site Build Rollout BTS/Transmission/3G Upgrade Network Rollout Programme Support The creation of the new divisions gave the company better visibility in managing and rolling out of a better network infrastructure in the areas of 2G 3G networks at a very high speed to meet up with the present demand for customers expectation, and also generated serious revenue increase in subscribers base to relatively 30,000 million. INTERNAL EXTERNAL DRIVERS FOR CHANGE: INTRODUCTION MTN Nigeria came into the country not anticipating that the population in terms of their subscribers base will seriously increase after 3-4 years of operation. The rate at which call drop happens became erratic. MTN Nigeria needed more sites to fill the dead spots that bring about the high rate of call drop. The challenges on GSM technology expansion is seriously increasing in Nigeria. There is need for new technology advancement and new business models. This is a critical path in which top level management, program managers their subordinates needs to focus in achieving a better productivity. MTN conduct a survey through employees and consultant after the 2003 financial year ending with the origination for the CEO and top management. With reference to ilearn module (2010), module03, unit1, lesson 1, page2 internal external drives for change in MTN, the following factors are the primary drivers of MTN organisational change. Rapid technology advances. Weak business performance Poor customer satisfaction High rate of project failure Lack of innovation Mergers acquisitions Collaborative partnership models Outsourcing Greater agility in customers responsiveness New business models RAPID TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT This is a significant driver for organizational change. Rapid development in technology motivated for technology innovation in MTN Nigeria. The increase in new technology advancement in GSM industry in Nigeria gave rise to the need for equipment upgrade in order to integrate the old equipments that may be obsolete in the near future with the new equipments. This was considered by the change agents in order to meet up with the new technology required to make them not to face a diminishing market share to competitors lose capital invested, most importantly bring about a reduction in their CAPEX capital expenditure to a reasonable value. POOR CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Due to the high volume of traffic been carried my MTN, customers started experiencing poor quality of service which gave rise to great number of call drops, capacity congestion, low voice quality, inadequate coverage area. Customers were unable to enjoy the real benefit of GSM using MTN Nigeria network.MTN saw the need and acted in that line to avoid losing their customer base to other competitors. WEAK BUSINESS PERFORMANCE There is a perceived threat from customers regarding the performance of the MTN network. When MTN started in Nigeria many people were in eager to purchase MTN sim card and other various products that meets customers expectation. There was high rate of product acquisition from customers within and near the neighboring countries. The demand for sim cards became tripled it became obvious that the present network capacity cant handle the demand for lines. The rate at which network rollouts were done could not meet up with the new challenging factors. This contributed to a great lose in their revenue generation. HIGH RATE OF PROJECT FALIURE The rate at which project failure occurs within the project office gave a concern to the entire management, this contributed to low number of sites rolled out per quarter yearly. There was no close supervision of site build contractors (SBCs) in other to achieve the desired quality on area of the infrastructures. The introduction of turnkey solution not properly managed also contributed to the failure, site build contractors having insufficient funds to finance their various projects. LACK OF INNOVATION Project office was made up of Engineers Project managers who are pioneers of MTN from South Africa. This group of people are expatriate who operates without processes and procedures, there was no lay down procedure. Virtually all projects where handled and micro managed by them, this gave birth to having most of the site build contractor been none indigenous companies. Projects became very slow because of inadequate man power to operate and handle various assigned works. NEW BUSSINESS MODEL There is need for MTN Nigeria to embrace new business models. The inadequate Transmission capacity became a hindering factor in terms of adopting new business models that will be profiting to the company. Before the restructuring of the project office to capital programs groups new business models like providing E1 solutions to customers couldnt be achieved. But after the restructuring MTN Nigeria started providing E1 solutions to various banks industries in the country which also increased their revenue. MERGER ACQUSATIONS When MTN Nigeria merged and consolidated operations with VGC communications limited sometime in October 2006, significant reengineering took place. To align the management objectives restructuring was the main drive in this factor. The integration of MTN and VGC created a major challenge in streamlining and integration of existing satellite operations structure. After the merger acquisition, some of VGC staffs left the organisation due to change in portfolios, change of project task. This shows that a careful, committed dedicated planning should have been adopted in bring this to realization. OUTSOURCING There is need for MTN Nigeria to adopted outsourcing in some of their business areas. This is expected to improve flexibility and services to their customers. Initial when MTN started in Nigeria, recharge cards where been produced from South Africa, subscriber in the remote area where there is MTN coverage experience difficulty in purchasing the required air time for their business. After the restructuring some of the air time denomination was outsourced and transferred to other parties, along with personnel and other resources to increase the production rate. MTN OBJECTIVES IN MAKING THE CHANGE MTN Nigeria has passion for excellence in following areas, acquiring and retaining customers, Developing Implementing Market Strategies, Stimulating increased usage of products and services, Generating revenue, Retaining Customers, Stimulating usage Research. MTN Nigeria also ensures that the human organisational structure is consistently aligned to business goals in order to achieve organisational effectiveness. The below objectives where considered by MTN Nigeria adopting the change process. To set up a body(Capital Programs Group) that will effectively project manage the accelerated rollout of MTN Nigeria site build rollout In order to meet up with high competition of mobile networks in Nigeria, MTN Nigeria decided to create structure and culture that will be imbedded in operation for operational efficiency Network Rollout at a cheaper cost while achieving same target in terms of quality and service Clarity of responsibility and Value Addition To drop entire operational cost(OPEX) Improve top down and down top communication between executives, managers their subordinate Greater Client and Stakeholder Orientation There is need for MTN to reduce call rate to an affordable value. Network expansion to provide adequate capacity to customers. Increase speed of rollout figures by adding up more regions in order to overcome terrain and distance complexity. Removal of bureaucracy in order to boost up implementation time Empowerment of region for faster decision making Market differentiation by having wider network coverage in the country Maintain Checks and Balances Consistent with Effectiveness Offering different customer choices in terms of broadband, 2G 3G, enterprise solution, Wimax, rural telephony etc. Expanding subscribers base in order to generate more revenue. Environmentally friendly mode of operation example, Safety and health activities (SHE), Nigeria civil aviation authority (NCCA), Environment impact assessment (EIA), building permits approvals before implementation. HOW MANAGERS COULD IDENTIFY THE CENTRAL ISSUES PALN THE ACTION REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES. INTRODUCTION Managers must embarrass the fact that people mind set constitute of environment and culture (ways of doing things). Major factor that must be considered for a successful organisational change still lies with environmental, people technology issues. Mangers should also consider peoples issue which has some constraints namely social political cultural factors, these two constraints will go a long way in helping managers identify central issues plan for action in achieving their various objectives. There are always bottle necks in managing the affairs of organisational change by managers, by applying the Seven Ss model such issues will be address and optimum result achieved by managers. EXPLAINATION OF SEVEN Ss MODEL The 7Ss model is the management model that has seven interconnected factors that is used in organizing a company in a holistic and effective way. McKinsey 7Ss model ensures that organization works effectively and well once they reach the desired endpoint. Managers should ensure that 7Ss model is being used in a wide variety of situations where an alignment perspective is useful, this will also boost the performance of MTN Nigeria managers helping in identifying the central issues and project proper action plan, The seven Ss factors are mentioned below: Super ordinate goals Strategy Structure Systems Style Staff Skills Figure 2 below depicts the interdependency of the elements and indicates how a change in one affects all the others. Super ordinate goals This is one of the factor that comes from the top level management, e.g. CEO, this determines the organizational stand for what MTN believes in the Can Do Spirit , share values characterizing the principles aims which should pull it towards successes of MTN Nigeria, core values, the corporate/team culture, Strategy: What is our strategy? How do we intend to achieve our objectives? How do we deal with competitive pressure? How are changes in customer demands dealt with? How is strategy adjusted for environmental issues? Structure: How is the company/team divided? What is the hierarchy? How do the various departments coordinate activities? How do the team members organize and align themselves? Is decision making and controlling centralized or decentralized? Is this as it should be, given what were doing? Where are the lines of communication? Explicit and implicit? Systems: What are the main systems that run the organization? Consider financial and HR systems as well as communications and document storage. Where are the controls and how are they monitored and evaluated? What internal rules and processes does the team use to keep on track? What are the fundamental values that the company/team was built on? Style: How participative is the management/leadership style? How effective is that leadership? Do employees/team members tend to be competitive or cooperative? Are there real teams functioning within the organization or are they just nominal groups? Staff: What positions or specializations are represented within the team? What positions need to be filled? Are there gaps in required competencies? Skills: What are the strongest skills represented within the company/team? Are there any skills gaps? What is the company/team known for doing well? Do the current employees/team members have the ability to do the job? How are skills monitored and assessed?

Public Education Essay -- A Level Essays

Public Education Education is an issue that touches everyone’s lives in one way or another. Whether you are a parent, student, teacher, taxpayer, or employee, the effects of education on society can be seen everyday. For this reason, public schools are a top concern among political leaders. Over the past twenty-five years, confidence in the nation’s public school system has dramatically declined. While the public for the most part seems to support their school district, criticism is not lacking. Recent years especially have shown dissipating support. It appears that the prevailing view is that public education, as a whole, is in bad condition and is in need of a renewed effort to fix it. Private schools seem to fare better opinions than public schools in important areas such as safety, order, academic standards, and class size. Today’s Congress is looking for the correct answer to a very diverse and complex problem. In 2001, Congress approved President Bush’s education reform bill, otherwise known as the No Child Left Behind Act. This bill acts to provide local districts with increased flexibility in spending federal aid. It also requires annual standardized math and reading tests. Many of the issues addressed within the bill follow conservative ideology. However, the bill was a collaborative effort, between both democrats and republicans, to try to deal with America’s education problems in the most effective way possible. We will continue to discuss the major significant points of this legislation later on. Currently, Congress has turned its attention to special education. While the program is good because it helps the children in need, critics argue that it provides... ...a moderate may believe that the answer to America’s educational system lies within the need to raise educational standards and increase school funding. Because the No Child Left Behind Act was a compromise between Liberals and Conservatives, it is likely that most Moderates would agree with most of the ideas set out in the bill. However, being that there is no set model for the moderate perspective on education, a moderate can disagree on any number of resolutions within the act. Sources Cited: www.publicagenda.com http://www.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml http://www.house.gov/georgemiller/rel5200.html http://www.senate.gov/~feinstein/releases01/education_reform.html http://www.cato.org/dailys/01-11-02.html http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/02/03/bush.budget/index.html http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/news/bush_ed_june1003.htm Public Education Essay -- A Level Essays Public Education Education is an issue that touches everyone’s lives in one way or another. Whether you are a parent, student, teacher, taxpayer, or employee, the effects of education on society can be seen everyday. For this reason, public schools are a top concern among political leaders. Over the past twenty-five years, confidence in the nation’s public school system has dramatically declined. While the public for the most part seems to support their school district, criticism is not lacking. Recent years especially have shown dissipating support. It appears that the prevailing view is that public education, as a whole, is in bad condition and is in need of a renewed effort to fix it. Private schools seem to fare better opinions than public schools in important areas such as safety, order, academic standards, and class size. Today’s Congress is looking for the correct answer to a very diverse and complex problem. In 2001, Congress approved President Bush’s education reform bill, otherwise known as the No Child Left Behind Act. This bill acts to provide local districts with increased flexibility in spending federal aid. It also requires annual standardized math and reading tests. Many of the issues addressed within the bill follow conservative ideology. However, the bill was a collaborative effort, between both democrats and republicans, to try to deal with America’s education problems in the most effective way possible. We will continue to discuss the major significant points of this legislation later on. Currently, Congress has turned its attention to special education. While the program is good because it helps the children in need, critics argue that it provides... ...a moderate may believe that the answer to America’s educational system lies within the need to raise educational standards and increase school funding. Because the No Child Left Behind Act was a compromise between Liberals and Conservatives, it is likely that most Moderates would agree with most of the ideas set out in the bill. However, being that there is no set model for the moderate perspective on education, a moderate can disagree on any number of resolutions within the act. Sources Cited: www.publicagenda.com http://www.ed.gov/nclb/landing.jhtml http://www.house.gov/georgemiller/rel5200.html http://www.senate.gov/~feinstein/releases01/education_reform.html http://www.cato.org/dailys/01-11-02.html http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/02/03/bush.budget/index.html http://www.house.gov/budget_democrats/news/bush_ed_june1003.htm